Policy Analysis and Stakeholder Mapping for the first 1000 days of life in Indonesia
Iqbal Fadrullah, Yodi Christiani, Karina Widowati
Rabu Biru Foundation
The Indonesian government have enacted policies and programs aiming to improve the health and nutrition of the population across the life cycle, starting from the first 1,000 days of life, for children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly, with an emphasis on strengthening education, increasing the coverage, quality, and management of health services, and implementing standardized nutrition improvement interventions.
However, the implementation of these policies faces a number of challenges, such as overlapping regulations, weak cross-sectoral coordination, limited resources, and the suboptimal role of non-governmental stakeholders. Mapping of key stakeholders and actors is necessary to ensure policy coherence, clear institutional leadership, and synergy among stakeholders.
The study was conducted through document/policy review and qualitative survey. It aims to provide evidence for policy strengthening, including a potential task force for the first 1000 days of life. The policies reviewed include those enacted by the national government and two selected sub-national levels, examining horizontal, temporal, and vertical coherence.
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Healthy Start: Supporting Access for Early Childhood Daycare - Baseline Assessment
Ibnu Habibie, Iqbal Fadrullah, Yodi Christiani
Save the Children International in Cambodia, funded by Save the Children Hong Kong
Extensive interdisciplinary research, including findings from neuroscience and developmental psychology, underscores that approximately 90% of brain development occurs before the age of five. Despite this well-established evidence, access to integrated early childhood development (IECD) services, particularly for children aged 0 to 3, remains limited in many low-resource settings. In Cambodia, structural barriers such as poverty, inadequate infrastructure, and limited awareness of early childhood needs have led to significant developmental disparities.
Contributing to the above issues, Save the Children International in Cambodia, supported by Save the Children Hong Kong, will implement the Healthy Start: Supporting Access for Early Childhood Daycare (SAFE) Project in Prey Chor District, Kampong Cham Province, where migration is prevalent.
This baseline study aims to provide an initial, evidence-based overview of the contextual and situational factors of children aged 0–3 years and daycare services in two communes in the Prey Chor and Kang Meas Districts, Kampong Cham Province. The findings show that the need for daycare services in the target area is not only influenced by the socio-economic conditions of the family, but also by parenting practices that still face various limitations—both in terms of knowledge, time, and supportive environment. Parenting is still highly dependent on family capacity, which often has to share the care between work demands, economic pressures, and domestic responsibilities. This condition has an impact on the quality of care, including aspects of hygiene, supervision, nutrition, and stimulation of child development
Generation Green Phase 3: Endline Assessment
Ibnu Habibie, Andrey Damaledo
Save the Children International in Cambodia
Green Generation Phase 3 (GG3) is a child-centred environmental education programme implemented in primary schools to strengthen students’ environmental knowledge, attitudes, practices, and leadership, while promoting project-based learning (PBL) and community engagement. Building on earlier phases, GG3 aimed to embed environmental care into everyday school life, empower Children’s Councils, engage parents and School Management Committees (SMCs), and support District and Provincial Offices of Education to institutionalise environmental education within the formal system. This endline study was commissioned to assess the effectiveness, impact, and sustainability of GG3 and to generate learning to inform future programming and scale-up.
The study adopted a mixed-methods design. The quantitative component applied a quasi-experimental approach using baseline and endline surveys in target and comparison schools. It measured students’ environmental knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), leadership in environmental actions, teachers’ knowledge and use of PBL, and caregiver awareness. Regression analysis examined associations with gender, disability, socioeconomic factors, and ECCD attendance.
The qualitative component drew on FGDs with students and with parents/SMCs in five schools (Preal, Pheam Khnong, Lbeak Rongsay, Kampong Our, and Cholsar), and KIIs with District and Provincial Offices of Education (DoE and PoE). These explored how change occurred, how leadership was experienced, and what conditions shape sustainability. Findings from both strands were triangulated to strengthen validity and generate an integrated assessment.
GEDSI Assessment of Child-led Climate Change and Disaster Preparedness in Coastal Area
Yodi Christiani, Andrey Damaledo
Save the Children Indonesia, Save the Children Australia, funded by ANCP
The Generation Ready (GENRE) Project operates in two disaster-prone districts of East Nusa Tenggara—Kupang and Southwest Sumba.
Partnering with Save the Children Indonesia and CIS Timor, Sinexus conducted a GEDSI assessment to provide evidence for an inclusive child-led program throughout the project.
The assessment reveals that climate hazards—such as tidal flooding, storms, and drought—do not affect all children equally. Vulnerability is socially produced through gender norms, disability barriers, and systemic gaps in institutional support. While all children are exposed to disasters, girls and children with disabilities face compounded risks due to caregiving expectations, inaccessible infrastructure, and exclusion from preparedness planning. Schools and communities show motivation but lack structured systems for inclusion.
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GEDSI Analysis of CBCCA and CBDRR in Bali
Angel Patricia, Iqbal Fadrullah, Yodi Christiani
IDEP Foundation, funded by SIAP SIAGA DFAT
As part of the BALI MANDALA Program, SINEXUS is conducting a GEDSI Analysis to identify and address social inclusion gaps in the four target villages across Karangasem and Gianyar districts. The analysis focuses on gender, disability, and other social factors to ensure that marginalized and at-risk groups are meaningfully included in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) planning and decision-making.
The GEDSI Analysis will provide actionable recommendations to inform the design, implementation, and monitoring of the program, ensuring that the Bali Mandala Program’s objectives are achieved with an inclusive and equitable approach. This project highlights Sinexus's commitment to integrating social inclusion into disaster resilience strategies, strengthening the effectiveness of community-driven efforts.
Budget Analysis of Community Interventions in Promoting the Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Sustainability of Community-Based Tuberculosis Elimination Efforts in Indonesia
Deni Harbianto, Ibnu Habibie, Alia Puji Hartanti
Konsorsium Penabulu STPI, funded by GFATM
This study aims to assess how community-based intervention for tuberculosis (TB) elimination in Indonesia has been allocated, the effectiveness of its outcomes, and the factors influencing funding efficiency. The findings are expected to provide strategic insights for policymakers, donors, and stakeholders in designing more adaptive, sustainable, and impactful funding models for community-based TB programs. The study seeks to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of budget utilization for community-based TB elimination efforts in Indonesia.
Specifically, it aims to:
1. Identify the proportion and allocation of budgets for community-based TB programs.
2. Analyze the effectiveness of community interventions based on program outputs and achievements.
3. Evaluate the efficiency of budget use in supporting community interventions.
4. Identify factors influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of these interventions.
5. Provide strategic recommendations to strengthen the sustainability of community intervention funding.
Cost Analysis of Natural Disaster Response and Recovery in East Flores and Pesisir Selatan
Estro Dariatno Sihaloho, Iqbal Fadrullah, Angel Patricia, Reza Galih Renaldi, Failsa Alyasa
CIS Timor, funded by Save the Children Indonesia
This consultation developed and implemented a costing study to estimate the financial requirements of disaster response and recovery in Indonesia, using case studies from two major natural disasters in 2024. The study aimed to generate evidence-based insights to inform more equitable and effective disaster financing policies and practices.
Indonesia is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, with floods, landslides, and volcanic eruptions threatening over 40% of the population. Yet, financing mechanisms for post-disaster response and recovery remain under-resourced and fragmented. This study—commissioned by Save the Children and CIS Timor and conducted by SINEXUS—focused on quantifying the costs of emergency response and long-term recovery following two 2024 disasters: the landslide-flood in Padang Pariaman (West Sumatra) and the eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki (East Flores, NTT).
Using a mixed-method approach—literature review, micro-costing analysis, and key informant interviews—the study captured the financial and operational dimensions of interventions across sectors such as education, child protection, health, nutrition, water-sanitation-hygiene (WASH), and livelihoods. The micro-costing framework covered both direct costs (e.g., staffing, equipment, materials) and indirect costs (e.g., logistics, maintenance, infrastructure recovery).
The study produced detailed cost estimates for each intervention, offering valuable data for policymakers to strengthen fiscal preparedness and contingency budgeting. It also recommended institutionalizing micro-costing practices within disaster management agencies, enhancing community-based recovery planning, and improving coordination between government and non-governmental actors.
This consultation provides a critical knowledge base for building resilient disaster recovery systems in Indonesia. It supports advocacy for more inclusive and needs-based financing mechanisms that address both immediate and structural impacts of disasters—ensuring that no vulnerable group is left behind in post-disaster recovery.
Need Assessment on Inclusive Basic Education in Cambodia
Sarang Out, Yodi Christiani, Reza Galih Renaldi, Iqbal Fadrullah
Save the Children in Cambodia, funded by Save the Children Japan
The Cambodian government has been committed to providing quality and inclusive education for all over the past decades. Examples included the formation of Special Education Department (SED) in 2016, the National Institute of Special Education (NISE), the operations of six Special Education High Schools, the development and use of learning and teaching materials for persons with visual, hearing, intellectual disabilities, and persons with autism, and training to teachers on inclusive education. Despite the efforts, access to basic education is still varied across groups of children, with children with disabilities facing the most barriers.
In collaboration with Save the Children in Cambodia and Save the Children Japan, our team provides technical advice to the Cambodian government and the Working Group on Education and Disabilities (WGED) to further understand the need to strengthen inclusive basic education in the country.
This study aims to identify the root causes of low completion and high dropout rates in basic education to understand various educational needs, and clarify the needs and challenges faced by children with disabilities while accessing and participating in basic education. The findings will generate evidence-based recommendations to enhance sustainable and effective programs in Cambodia, meeting the diverse educational needs of out-of-school children (OOSC) and children with disabilities for ensuring quality and inclusive learning in basic education.
Assessing the perceived satisfaction, benefit and impact of Contraceptive Blended Learning: an End-to-end evaluation
Yodi Christiani, Ibnu Habibie, Iqbal Fadrullah
Yayasan IPAS Indonesia
This consultancy assess the reactions, learning, behavioral changes, and outcomes/impacts of participation in blended family planning training organized by IPAS Indonesia. Additional objectives of this study were to assess participant satisfaction, challenges, and perceived benefits of participation. Blended training organized by Ipas Indonesia, based on the national curriculum as part of the CERAH project will be assessed in this study. The proposed study will complement the current training assessment system, namely pre- and post-tests. These trainings involve 8 days of online training and 6 days of offline training. To date, the trainings have been conducted in four waves in Palu, Southeast Sulawesi (as part of the CERAH project).
A mixed of a qualitative and quantitative analysis is used. Quantitative knowledge assessments at 3 and 6 months after the training were also conducted to complement the analysis. Qualitative studies are proposed as the main approach proposed - both through self-administered surveys and focus group discussions. Data obtained from the qualitative survey were triangulated with secondary data obtained from e-LMS and sociodemographic surveys.
Potential of adaptive and inclusive social protection for people with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Indonesia
Ibnu Habibie, Estro Dariatno Sihaloho, Iqbal Fadrullah, Yodi Christiani
Stop TB Partnerships Indonesia
This consultation assessed the landscape and needs for social protection among people affected by drug-resistant tuberculosis (TBC-RO) in Indonesia, aiming to inform policy advocacy for the development of inclusive and adaptive social protection (SP) schemes tailored to this vulnerable group.
Conducted in 2024, this mixed-method study was commissioned to generate evidence to support the Indonesian government’s emerging commitment—articulated during a Presidential directive in July 2023—to provide direct social support beyond the existing Family Hope Program (PKH). The study built on the WHO–ILO framework for social protection for TB-affected populations, focusing on mapping the current SP landscape, identifying patient needs, estimating ideal benefit levels, and exploring policy implementation challenges at both national and subnational levels.
Through literature reviews, secondary data analysis, and qualitative fieldwork in three districts (Deli Serdang, Sidoarjo, Makassar) and Jakarta, the study revealed critical gaps in protection. Key findings highlighted significant financial hardship across all treatment phases, especially during the intensive phase. Patients reported selling assets or borrowing money, while caregivers faced lost productivity and stigma. Urban patients prioritized nutrition, while rural patients emphasized transportation support.
Cost simulations showed that a modest but well-targeted SP scheme—covering transport, food, and supplements—would require Rp1.25–1.4 million per patient per month. While donor-funded programs like the Global Fund’s TBC Enabler provide temporary relief, long-term sustainability hinges on government ownership and interministerial coordination.
This consultation underscored the feasibility and urgency of a targeted SP program for TBC-RO, offering actionable insights for national policymakers, including the Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Health, and the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Cultural Affairs. It recommends advancing multi-sector collaboration and leveraging existing social protection infrastructure to ensure that no patient is left behind in Indonesia’s journey toward TB elimination.
Maternal and neonatal infection treatment and sepsis prevention in Indonesia: A Literature Review
Maria Silvia Merry, Ibnu Habibie, Iqbal Fadrullah, Yodi Christiani
Yayasan Project HOPE
This consultation provided a comprehensive desk review to assess existing standards, policies, and practices on the prevention and treatment of maternal and neonatal infections, with a focus on sepsis in Indonesia. The review aimed to support the development of evidence-based interventions in the next phase of Project HOPE’s maternal and newborn health (MNH) programming.
This study applied a structured literature review methodology, organized around three core activities: (1) comparison of global and national clinical guidelines; (2) examination of the implementation status of infection prevention and control (IPC) within maternal and neonatal care; and (3) synthesis of findings across four thematic areas—clinical procedures, prophylactic antibiotic use, infection treatment and sepsis management, and early identification of sepsis
The review found significant discrepancies between Indonesian and global standards, particularly in antibiotic stewardship and IPC protocols. It also revealed uneven implementation and compliance in clinical practices across facilities—such as inconsistent hand hygiene, umbilical cord care, and the use of prophylactic antibiotics in routine obstetric procedures. Limited resources, outdated clinical guidelines, and weak health information systems were identified as core challenges to improving infection prevention and management. By consolidating these findings, the consultation generated key recommendations for Project HOPE and its partners, including the need to update national clinical guidelines in alignment with WHO standards, enhance healthcare worker training on IPC and rational antibiotic use, and improve facility-level monitoring and compliance mechanisms. This review contributes critical insights to support evidence-informed policy advocacy and program design in advancing maternal and newborn infection care in Indonesia.
Gender Assessment of SMILE Project
Yodi Christiani, Iqbal Fadrullah, Ibnu Habibie
UNDP Indonesia, funded by GFATM
The assessment aims to evaluate the gender responsiveness of the SMILE (Sistem Monitoring Imunisasi Logistik secara Elektronik) application in Indonesia, focusing on how digital health innovations can promote equitable access, participation, and decision-making in the health system. Conducted through a qualitative study across four provinces and the Ministry of Health, the assessment provides key insights into the intersection of gender and digital transformation in public health logistics. The study applied a gender mainstreaming framework across six domains—access, practice and participation, knowledge, beliefs, and power in decision-making—and involved 80 respondents (46 women, 34 men) through FGDs and interviews.
Key findings revealed both shared and distinct gendered experiences. While both men and women found SMILE effective in improving vaccine logistics, women often faced compounded barriers due to dual roles at home and work. For instance, women reported more challenges attending online training due to time conflicts, while men expressed a preference for technical aspects of in-person sessions. Women leaned on peer support for post-training learning, whereas men tended to self-study.
The assessment ultimately calls for gender-transformative policies in digital health, such as inclusive training models, equitable task allocation, and recognition of women's contributions to strategic health planning. It provides timely evidence to guide SMILE’s evolution as a people-centered, gender-equitable digital health innovation.